|
巴爾札克 Balzac
在巴爾札克過世後不久，亞歷山大杜馬(Alexandre Dumas)提議為這位名人塑造紀念雕像。這個計畫起初失敗，1885年重新舉辦。最後於1888年，巴爾札克雕像委員會成立。1893年，當羅丹仍處於計劃階段，文藝協會(Société des Gens de Lettres)即提出他們對初期構想的極度反感，並說它是「一陀怪東西」、「肥妖怪」和「巨大的胎兒」。羅丹的巴爾札克在評委日的前一個月成為話題爭論焦點。奇怪的是，審查委員們如：左拉(Zola)、克雷蒙索(Clemenceau)等人，一致聯合支持羅丹。然而，羅丹在自己的創作上又更進了一步，除了增加研究外，更增加了許多如《裸體巴爾札克》(Balzac Nude Study)、《大肚子的裸體研究》(Study of Nude with Large Stomach)等半身像及石膏研究作品。 巴爾札克的石膏像終於在1898年呈現於沙龍展。評論家以「怪異」作為當時的描述，如「莫名的騙局」，並被判定是「此世紀之交最驚人的畸變」。羅丹的巴爾札克被比喻為「巨大的小丑」、「未拆封的雕塑」、和一個「雪人」。藝評家的悔辱及請願書很快便一封接一封送到審查委員會。 在文藝協會拒絕《巴爾札克》，評論它「殘缺不全」後，羅丹的朋友捐款三萬法郎要求翻鑄成銅雕。但羅丹拒絕這個提議，表示「主人的唯一願望便是保留作品」。他退還他們的錢，並將《巴爾札克》安置於穆東的Brillants別墅(Villa des Brillants，Meudon)。此件石膏作品在1916年展示於同年成立的羅丹美術館。《巴爾札克》直到第二次世紀大戰前夕才被翻鑄成銅雕，被放置於哈士派大道(Boulevard Raspail)及蒙帕那斯大道(Boulevard Montparnasse)十字路口。 羅丹諷諭他的《巴爾札克》如他創作的力量：「巴爾札克是我藝術生命的邏輯」。詩人里爾克(Rilke)，羅丹的秘書，寫道：「這是呈現巴爾札克氣質的雕塑：那自豪的偉大文筆和他那驚人陶冶心靈的天性」。從那一刻開始，羅丹的《巴爾札克》成為永恆，且將是人類歷史的一部份。 Honoré de Balzac was born in 1799, and died in 1850, at the age of 51.Shortly after Balzac’s death, Alexandre Dumas “ the father” ,launched a subscription to bild a monument to the great writer. The project was initially aborted, and then relaunched in 1885. Finally, in 1888, a Balzac Statue Commission was set up. In 1893, when Rodin was still only at the planning stage , “ La Société des Gens de Lettres” was already expressing its supreme dislike of the embryonic work, referring to “a shapeless mass”, “an obese monster”, and “a colossal fetus”! Rodin’s Balzac found itself at the centre of a controversy a month before Dreyfus was convicted. Curiously, the defender of Dreyfus – Zola, Clemenceau and others – also lined up in support of Rodin. Rodin made little progress on the work itself, apart from a proliferation of studies, busts and plaster casts with title like Balzac nude, Study of nude with large stomach, and so on…….. The plaster cast of Balzac was finally presented at the salon of 1898. Remarks made at the time described the work as “monstrous”, as a “nameless fraud”, and referred to the “unbelievable degree of mental aberration we have reached at the turn of the century”. After “La Société des Gens de Lettres ” rejected Balzac, considering it “incomplete”, Rodin’s friends raised the 30,000 French Francs required to cast the bronze by subscription. But Rodin refused this offer, expressing “an absolute desire to remain the sole owner of my work”. He paid the subscribers their money back, and installed the plaster cast of his Statue of Balzac at La Villa des Brillants in Meudon. The plaster cast was exhibited at the Musée Rodin when it opened in 1916.The Statue of Balzac will not be casted until the eve of World War II, that it was erected at the crossroads of Boulevard Raspail and the Boulevard Montparnasse in Paris. Rodin said of the allegory of the power of creation that is his Balzac: “the statue of Balzac is the logical development of my life as an artist”. The poet Rilke, who worked as Rodin’s secretary, wrote of this statue: “It was creation itself which appeared in the form of Balzac: the arrogance of creation, its pride, its breathtaking and intoxicating nature”. From now on, and for all eternity, Rodin’s Balzac was to be part of the history of humanity.
RODIN IN TAICHUNG 羅丹雕塑展 地獄門VS.愛
2007.9.22-12.22 臺中市役所
|
